Puppy Vaccination Schedule: 6-16 Week Shots Timeline

Quick Answer: Puppy Vaccination Schedule

Use this puppy vaccination schedule as a vet-discussion checklist: most puppies start vaccines at 6-8 weeks, then get boosters every 3-4 weeks until at least 16 weeks old. Core puppy shots usually include DHPP and rabies. Bordetella, leptospirosis, Lyme, and canine influenza depend on lifestyle, local disease risk, boarding/daycare needs, and your veterinarian's recommendation.

| Puppy age | Typical vaccines to discuss | | --- | --- | | 6-8 weeks | DHPP #1; bordetella if shelter, daycare, or boarding risk | | 10-12 weeks | DHPP #2; leptospirosis, Lyme, or canine influenza if recommended | | 14-16 weeks | DHPP #3; rabies; second doses for selected non-core vaccines | | 1 year | DHPP booster, rabies booster, and annual risk-based vaccines |

How Puppy Vaccines Work

Puppies are born with maternal antibodies from their mother's colostrum — the first milk. These antibodies provide critical early protection but also interfere with vaccination: they neutralize the vaccine before the puppy's own immune system can respond.

The problem is that maternal antibody levels decline at different rates in different puppies — anywhere from 6 to 16 weeks. This is why puppies get a series of vaccines, not just one. Each shot is essentially rolling the dice that maternal antibodies have dropped low enough for the vaccine to "take."

Core vs. Non-Core Vaccines

Core vaccines are recommended for ALL dogs regardless of lifestyle or geography:

• DHPP (Distemper, Hepatitis/Adenovirus-2, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus)
• Rabies (legally required in most jurisdictions)

Non-core vaccines are given based on risk factors: geography, lifestyle, exposure:

• Bordetella (kennel cough) — required by most boarding facilities, groomers, and dog daycares
• Leptospirosis — recommended for dogs with outdoor water exposure (lakes, streams, puddles); zoonotic (transmissible to humans)
• Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) — recommended in high-tick regions (Northeast, Upper Midwest, Pacific Coast)
• Canine influenza (H3N2 and H3N8) — recommended for dogs in group settings; outbreaks occur in kennels and shelters

The Standard Puppy Schedule

6–8 Weeks

• DHPP #1: First core vaccine
• Bordetella: Optional at this age; intranasal form provides faster onset for shelters and high-risk situations

10–12 Weeks

• DHPP #2: Second booster
• Leptospirosis #1: If recommended by your vet (geographic risk)
• Lyme #1: If recommended
• Canine influenza #1: If recommended

14–16 Weeks

• DHPP #3 (final puppy booster): This is the most critical shot in the series — it's the one most likely to catch the window where maternal antibodies have waned
• Rabies: Single dose, legally required. Valid for 1 year initially, then 3-year boosters thereafter (depending on state law and product used)
• Leptospirosis #2: Booster 2–4 weeks after first
• Lyme #2: Booster

1 Year (Adult Booster)

• DHPP 1-year booster: Critical — up to 50% of puppies that completed the initial series may still not be adequately protected without this booster
• Rabies 1-year or 3-year: Depending on product and local regulations
• Leptospirosis annual booster
• Lyme annual booster
• Bordetella: Every 6–12 months depending on risk

Adult Maintenance (After 1-Year Booster)

• DHPP: Every 3 years (AAHA recommendation)
• Rabies: Every 1–3 years per state law
• Leptospirosis, Lyme, Bordetella, Canine influenza: Annually

The Parvo Warning

Parvovirus deserves special mention. It causes severe hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with a mortality rate of up to 91% without treatment and 5–20% even with intensive care. The virus is extraordinarily hardy — it survives in the environment for months to years and resists most disinfectants.

Puppies are most vulnerable during the 6–20 week window when maternal antibodies are declining but vaccine immunity hasn't fully kicked in. During this period:

• Avoid dog parks, pet stores, and high-traffic areas
• Socialize with known, fully vaccinated dogs in controlled environments
• Carry your puppy through the vet waiting room rather than letting them walk

Vaccine Reactions: What's Normal vs. Emergency

Normal (24–48 hours post-vaccine): Mild lethargy, slight decrease in appetite, mild soreness at injection site, low-grade fever.

Call your vet: Persistent vomiting or diarrhea, facial swelling, hives, difficulty breathing (anaphylaxis — rare but medical emergency).

Vaccine reactions are uncommon (roughly 1 in 250 dogs for any reaction; 1 in 10,000 for serious reactions) but small-breed dogs and dogs with a prior vaccine reaction history are at higher risk.

Puppy Vaccination Schedule FAQ

When do puppy shots start?

Most puppies start their vaccine series at 6-8 weeks old. Your veterinarian may adjust timing based on the puppy's age, health, local disease risk, shelter or breeder history, and previous vaccine records.

How often do puppies need vaccine boosters?

Puppies commonly receive boosters every 3-4 weeks until at least 16 weeks old. This repeated schedule helps cover the period when maternal antibodies are fading and the puppy's own immune response is developing.

Which puppy vaccines are core?

Core puppy vaccines usually include DHPP and rabies. Non-core vaccines such as bordetella, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, and canine influenza depend on lifestyle, region, and exposure risk.

Can my puppy go outside before all shots are complete?

Ask your veterinarian for local guidance. Many puppies can socialize in controlled, lower-risk settings with healthy vaccinated dogs, but dog parks, pet stores, and high-traffic dog areas are usually avoided until the vaccine series is complete.

Cost Expectations

If you are planning the first-year budget for a dog, compare routine vaccine costs with broader pet insurance cost expectations. For coverage decisions by age and breed risk, see our guide to the best pet insurance for dogs.

Puppy vaccine series: $75–$200 for core vaccines, typically split across 2–3 visits. Non-core vaccines add $20–$50 each. Many low-cost vaccine clinics and humane societies offer core vaccines at reduced rates.